Fundamentals & Core Crop Production

Fundamentals of Horticulture & Plant Physiology

Introduction, branches, and scope of horticulture

Plant anatomy, physiological processes (photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration)

Agro-climatic zones, soil-water-nutrient relationships, and plant nutrition

Plant Propagation & Nursery Management

Sexual and asexual propagation methods (cutting, layering, budding, grafting)

Specialized plant propagation structures (mist chambers, shade nets)

Media preparation, nursery layout, seedling production, and rootstock management

Commercial Pomology (Fruit Crop Production)

Cultivation practices for major tropical, subtropical, and temperate fruit crops

Orchard planning, planting systems, high-density planting (HDP)

Canopy management, pruning, training, and flowering regulation

Commercial Olericulture (Vegetable Crop Production)

Production technology for solanaceous, cucurbits, cole crops, root, and tuber crops

Nursery raising for vegetables, transplanting, and spacing

Off-season vegetable production and hybrid seed production techniques

Soil Health, Micro-Irrigation & Plant Nutrition

Soil fertility evaluation, compost making, and organic manure preparation

Design, installation, and maintenance of drip and sprinkler irrigation systems

Fertigation scheduling, biofertilizers, and micronutrient application

Semester II: Advanced Technologies, Commercialization & Protection

Commercial Floriculture & Landscape Architecture

Production technology for commercial cut flowers (Rose, Carnation, Gerbera) and loose flowers (Marigold, Jasmine)

Landscape design principles, softscaping, hardscaping, turf management, and indoor plants

Bonsai, terrarium techniques, and vertical gardening

Protected Cultivation & Hi-Tech Horticulture

Types and design of greenhouses, polyhouses, net houses, and hydroponic setups

Environmental control: temperature, humidity, light, and \text{CO}_2 enrichment

Soil-less cultivation, aeroponics, and vertical farming operations

Plant Protection (Horticultural Entomology & Pathology)

Identification and biology of major insect pests, nematodes, and fungal/bacterial/viral diseases

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Integrated Disease Management (IDM)

Safe handling, formulation, and spraying techniques of bio-pesticides and agrochemicals

Post-Harvest Technology & Value Addition

Harvesting indices, grading, sorting, packaging, and cold chain storage logistics

Processing and preservation techniques: jams, jellies, juices, pickles, drying, and dehydration

Food safety standards, quality control, and minimal processing

Horti-Business Management, Entrepreneurship & Project Work

Farm budgeting, cost-benefit analysis, and government subsidy schemes

Supply chain management, market linkages, and direct-to-consumer sales

Mandatory Project / Internship: Preparation of a detailed bankable project report (DPR) for setting up a commercial nursery, greenhouse, or processing unit